Electrolysers Making Hydrogen Greener

Embracing electrolyser technology is a significant step towards building a sustainable, clean energy future for generations.

FREMONT, CA: In pursuit of sustainable energy solutions, the role of hydrogen has gained significant attention. Its potential as a clean and renewable energy carrier has increased interest in green hydrogen production. Electrolysers play a pivotal role in the transformation, enabling efficient and eco-friendly generation through the process of water electrolysis.

Understanding Electrolysers and Water Electrolysis

Electrolysers are devices that utilise electricity to facilitate a chemical reaction known as water electrolysis. During the process, water is split into its constituent elements, hydrogen and oxygen. Electrolysers consist of two electrodes separated by an electrolyte medium. When an electric current is passed through the electrolyte, water molecules are broken down, releasing hydrogen gas at the cathode and oxygen gas at the anode. This hydrogen is then utilised as a clean fuel in various applications.

The Green Promise of Electrolysers

Carbon-Free Hydrogen Production: Electrolysis-based hydrogen generation is a carbon-neutral process powered by renewable energy sources such as wind, solar, or hydroelectric power. As a result, it offers a promising pathway to produce green hydrogen, which has minimal environmental impact compared to hydrogen derived from fossil fuels.

Energy Storage and Grid Balancing: Electrolysers are vital in energy storage and grid balancing. During excess renewable energy production periods, surplus electricity is used to power electrolysers, converting water into hydrogen. This hydrogen is stored and later used when energy demand exceeds supply or when renewable sources are unavailable, thus enabling a more stable and reliable energy grid.

Decarbonising Industrial Processes: Many industrial processes heavily rely on hydrogen derived from fossil fuels. These processes are decarbonised by integrating electrolysers and green hydrogen, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and contributing to a more sustainable future.

Types of Electrolysers

Different types of electrolysers are based on their operating temperature and the electrolyte used. The main types are:

Alkaline Electrolysers: These are the oldest and most established type, using a potassium hydroxide (KOH) electrolyte solution. They are known for their reliability and efficiency but could be improved in scalability due to their sensitivity to higher temperatures and pressure.

Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) Electrolysers: PEM electrolysers operate at lower temperatures and are more compact and responsive than alkaline. They use a solid polymer electrolyte, typically based on perfluorosulfonic acid. Their rapid response to changing electrical loads makes them suitable for various applications, including small-scale and distributed systems.

Solid Oxide Electrolysers: SOEC operates at high temperatures and uses a solid ceramic electrolyte. They offer high efficiency and are particularly suitable for large-scale hydrogen production. Additionally, they are combined with other high-temperature industrial processes to enhance overall energy efficiency.

Advancements in Electrolyser Technology

Over the past decade, significant advancements in electrolyser technology have been made, contributing to increased efficiency, reduced costs, and broader applicability. Some notable developments include:

Increased Efficiency: Researchers and engineers have focused on improving the efficiency of electrolysers to minimise energy losses during the hydrogen production process. This has led to higher conversion rates and reduced energy consumption.

Cost Reduction: Continuous innovation and economies of scale have driven down the production costs of electrolysers. As a result, green hydrogen prices are becoming more competitive with conventionally produced hydrogen.

Durability and Longevity: Improvements in materials and design have enhanced the durability and longevity of electrolysers, making them more reliable and cost-effective over their operational lifespan.

Electrolysers are pivotal tools in the quest for a greener future powered by hydrogen. Through water electrolysis, these devices enable the efficient production of green hydrogen, offering numerous benefits such as decarbonisation of industries, grid balancing, and energy storage. With continued advancements in technology and supportive policies, electrolysers are poised to play a critical role in transforming the energy landscape and reducing reliance on fossil fuels.